The American Dream Represented by Dee in Alice Walkers free essay sample

The American Dream is the pursuit of life, liberty, and happiness. Since the United States became an independent country in 1776, Americans have pursued their own dreams, all hoping to earn money, own land, and lead a life not dictated by anyone else. In Alice Walker’s â€Å"Everyday Use,† Dee is a shining example of an American pursuing her dream and succeeding at it. Dee came from a background of poverty. Her lineage includes slaves and farm workers that were never able to better themselves enough to rise above the poverty. She knew since she was little that the country was not for her. She wanted an education. She wanted to move to the city. So Dee worked very hard from the time she was a child to become educated and literate enough to go to college. Dee accomplished that, and when she got there met more people similar to her. She met African Americans that felt they need not be hindered by their poor backgrounds. We will write a custom essay sample on The American Dream Represented by Dee in Alice Walkers or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page One of the wonderful things about America is that there is no caste system. A man or a woman may be born poor and uneducated, but he or she does not have to stay that way. Americans can be as successful as they set their minds to. Dee was born with this mentality. Her background did not mean much to her in respect of how successful she would be in life. â€Å"Everyday Use† begins with Mama and Maggie, Dee’s younger sister, awaiting Dee’s arrival. She is coming home for a visit after being away at college in the city for a long time. When she arrives she looks much different than Mama and Maggie. She is dressed in a way that can be described as stylized African clothes. She is wearing a bright orange African styled dress, is wearing big gold jewelry, and is wearing her hair in a natural afro. She has also brought with her a man that could be her husband, she does not say for certain. The man greets Mama with the Muslim greeting â€Å"Asalama leikum†, and since Mama cannot pronounce or perhaps remember what he says his name is, she calls his Asalama leikum throughout the story. Dee announces she has also changed her name to Wangero, because the name Dee was given to her by the people that oppressed her. Dee takes many pictures of the house and of Mama and Maggie. She asks for the lid of an old butter churn that one of Dee’s uncles made himself. Dee is hoping to capture the poverty from which she came, and take it home with her to the city to show her friends. Eventually she asks for some old family quilts. At this point Mama gets angry with Dee. Mama had offered the quilts to Dee a long time ago, but then Dee did not want them. Now they are promised to Maggie. Dee argues with Mama that the quilts need to be properly displayed, and that Maggie will just put them to everyday use. Eventually Mama wins and Dee leaves without the quilts. One interpretation of Dee in â€Å"Everyday Use† is that she has a very misguided view of her heritage. She would rather identify with the Africans that she has never been exposed to than with her more direct lineage. Dee was a family name, but because she associated it with the slave owners that owned her family, she chose to give herself a new name. Furthermore, all Dee’s life she has wanted nothing more than to get away from her poverty stricken country home, but now, all of the sudden, she wants pictures of it, and wants to bring pieces of it back home with her. It is not wonder why Mama is confused and a little upset by Dee’s actions. It does however, make good sense. Clearly, Dee did hate her home when she was a child. Mama even alluded that house fire that burned down their first home may have been caused by Dee. Dee absolutely did hate her home and everything it represented: slavery, poverty, illiteracy. Dee is an adult now, she is educated now. Now she can look back on her past and have a sense of accomplishment and pride in herself for getting out of there. It is no surprise she wants pieces of her past to with her into her future. They will remind her of why she works so hard. They will remind her every day what her American Dream is, and how she must work at achieving it every day. Dee embodies the American Dream. She was born into poverty, the descendant of slaves, but she did not want to stay that way. Dee wanted to be an educated proud woman, living in the city. Dee accomplished that. Dee became strong and independent. She hated where she came from but now she can appreciate it. Dee finally got to a place in her life where she can accept her past, as unfortunate as it was, as a huge factor in getting her where she is now. If she had not come from such a bad background, she may not have been motivated enough to better herself. Further reading into the actual life of Alice Walker would reveal that she too, was born in poverty, and she too moved to the city for an education. Walker became a member of â€Å"The Movement,† and advocate for African American civil rights. One may view Dee as Walker’s interpretation of herself. Both are strong willed women that achieved their own American Dreams, and would serve as exceptional role models for anyone else with a similar dream.

Free Essays on Eed Diagrams

An entity-relationship diagram, or ERD, shows the overall design structure of a database. The basic unit of an ERD is the entity. Each entity represents a particular kind of data. For instance, an employee training database might have an entity for employee data, and entity for department information, and an entity for the classes. One way to get a handle on entities is to remember that in a relational database there is generally one table for each entity. Recognizing which entities you need in a database is a skill that develops with practice. Nevertheless, some tips can get you started. When you were writing themes in junior high, your English teacher probably told you to have one paragraph for each topic or each point you wanted to make. In database design you have one entity for each data topic. In the example quoted above, you can see that employee information is different than class information. So often when you start detailing the specific pieces of information that need to be stored, those data topics naturally emerge. Another tip is to ask yourself what the purpose of the database is. For instance, an employee database will almost always have an employee entity. A parts inventory database will certainly have a parts entity. Start with that entity. Principles of good database design (chapter 5) will help you see what pieces of information don’t fit in that entity and so must belong to other entities. An Entity-Relationship Diagram shows the relationships among the various entities in a database. Each entity is shown as a rectangle. Where entities are related to other entities, the relationship is shown with a line. A diamond shape on the line is used to hold a word that describes the relationship. For instance, the ERD in Figure 3-1 shows three entities: Employee, Class, and Department. The diamonds describe the relationships between the entities: An employee belongs to a department; an employee takes a class. Note... Free Essays on Eed Diagrams Free Essays on Eed Diagrams An entity-relationship diagram, or ERD, shows the overall design structure of a database. The basic unit of an ERD is the entity. Each entity represents a particular kind of data. For instance, an employee training database might have an entity for employee data, and entity for department information, and an entity for the classes. One way to get a handle on entities is to remember that in a relational database there is generally one table for each entity. Recognizing which entities you need in a database is a skill that develops with practice. Nevertheless, some tips can get you started. When you were writing themes in junior high, your English teacher probably told you to have one paragraph for each topic or each point you wanted to make. In database design you have one entity for each data topic. In the example quoted above, you can see that employee information is different than class information. So often when you start detailing the specific pieces of information that need to be stored, those data topics naturally emerge. Another tip is to ask yourself what the purpose of the database is. For instance, an employee database will almost always have an employee entity. A parts inventory database will certainly have a parts entity. Start with that entity. Principles of good database design (chapter 5) will help you see what pieces of information don’t fit in that entity and so must belong to other entities. An Entity-Relationship Diagram shows the relationships among the various entities in a database. Each entity is shown as a rectangle. Where entities are related to other entities, the relationship is shown with a line. A diamond shape on the line is used to hold a word that describes the relationship. For instance, the ERD in Figure 3-1 shows three entities: Employee, Class, and Department. The diamonds describe the relationships between the entities: An employee belongs to a department; an employee takes a class. Note...

Diabetes in the Pediatric Population Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Diabetes in the Pediatric Population - Essay Example It provides the basis for research in the field of diabetes since it assists in making decisions concerning policy and medicine based on evidence (Afaf, 2007). The evidence is usually obtained after the identification of different factors of risk for diabetes and goals for the preventive medicines. The people working in the field of epidemiology are involved in designing various studies, collecting and analyzing statistical data along with the elucidation and dissemination of the results. The field uses reviews among peers and systematic reviews, which are occasional in these activities. Epidemiology involves the studies that investigate outbreaks, surveillances on diseases such as diabetes along with screening of medicine, bio monitoring and comparing the effects of treatment among children in different clinical assessments (Vandemark, 2007). The field of epidemiology relies on other scientific authorities like biology, biostatistics, exposure assessments and social sciences. The fi eld of biology is utilized for purposes of comprehending the disease known as diabetes in a better manner while biostatics helps the professionals to make appropriate use of the available data in reaching appropriate decisions. On the other hand, the field of social sciences is usually helpful in understanding and measuring proximate and distal factors of risk. Epidemiology is used in the modern world in covering descriptions, causes of diabetes and health conditions that are related to diabetes such as obesity and high blood pressure in juveniles (Delaune & Ladner, 2002). Steps and Methods of Epidemiology of Diabetes The field of epidemiology involves the execution of various steps that guide actions in the diabetes segment. Firstly, it involves detecting the occurrence of diabetes among children and detecting the health threats they pose to the public at large. It then concerns itself with the detection of diabetic cases, which is often referred to as case finding (Vandemark, 2007 ). The monitoring of the disease trends among the children follows closely after which the practitioners monitors individuals who might have been exposed to it for symptoms. After monitoring children for the symptoms, they are given treatment for the different complications that have developed in them. The direction of interventions on diabetes follows, and it leads to the evaluation of these interventions. Finally, the generation of hypothesis to instigate further evaluations on the above symptoms and consequences takes place (Evelyn & Melanie, 2002). The field of epidemiology utilizes several methods when studying diabetes outbreaks along with their consequences on children. It uses methods such as field studies, laboratory experiments, observation, scientific methods and case studies in obtaining, evaluating and distributing of information regarding the outbreaks. A field study involves the measurement of certain variables, estimating parameters within the children and performing statistical tests on the formulated hypothesis. It involves making comparisons between children to approximate accurately the extent of association between certain causal factors and the disease in question (Vandemark, 2007). The method has the goal of establishing a cause and effects relationship between single and multiple factors with the ailment. The scientific method entails a continuous sequence that

Innovation in nursing IP phase 4 Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Innovation in nursing IP phase 4 - Assignment Example This paper comprehensively examines the suitability of adopting quality assurance schemes in the contemporary nursing realm, and more particularly, in the eye care department. The adoption of such a system would be a very essential innovation geared towards the enhancement of patient care and service delivery. As stated earlier, the desire to provide better care to patients has become of dire precedence to all medical service providers with the fundamental craving of realizing a higher level of patient contentment (Blanchet, 2005, p. 11). The principal solution is the incorporation of a system that is more focused on patients than any other stakeholder. This justifies the need for quality assurance systems in the nursing realm. This paper particularly examines the role of such systems in the provision of eye care services. Certainly, the improvement of the quality of eye care services has never been an easy task (Manghani, 2011, p. 35). However, it has always been a very great motivation both to health care providers and their patients (Basavanthappa, 2000, p. 36). This has always been because high quality eye care services usually enhance medics’ motivation and attract more potential clients. Introducing quality assurance systems definitely implies the provision of more advantage to the staff and allowing better involvement of clients in the system. In this article, Manghani extensively explains the significance of the adoption and monitoring of quality control and assurance systems by clinical officers and contract research units. According to the author, quality control helps achieve quality requirements while quality assurance helps provide the sureness that quality requirements are actually realized. According to Basavanthappa, quality control and assurance in the eye care field both aim at providing better eye care services. As a result, the author challenges medical professionals to try and adopt high quality patient care

Law and Religion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law and Religion - Essay Example Religions are one of the Institutions of socialisation, having the influence on people and decide how the people think and live. It does not matter what religion you are belong to, the basic elements are same for all religion. The religion organizes its action around certain beliefs, practice and symbols. The religion is formed by the group of people who bearing similar belief and ideology. There are normally laws within the religion that guides the way the members of the religion should behave. Any member of the religion broken the law, it will be treated as sinful, and which leads to punishments some times. According to Ron Kurtus, Religion can be see as a theological, philosophical, anthropological, sociological and psychological phenomenon of human kind. Religion includes survival in harsh, environmental, moral and social rules, overcoming diseases and mysteries of life including life after death. Religion is a large and complex phenomenon. The root of the word religion is from t he Latin word â€Å"religare†, which means being bound. Religion also may embrace a conception of faith. Law is the social mechanism, which is used to maintain the social order. In other words, law may help to maintain the public order, so that the social and legal interactions can occur within the society. The law is a instrument for the resolution of disputes, social problems, security threat and issue in relation ship between individuals. Three basic components are consisting in the human nature; they are to live, to propagate and to dominate. Law is the parameter, which govern the behaviour of natural state of existence by the humanity. Relation between Law and Religion The law is important factor for the religion. The theoretical structure of the law is designed to support the religion and the religion has the impact of the law. The law accommodates, restrict or influence the religion. The law has the major role in maintaining public and social order. The law has also the specific role in relation to the moral order of the society. The law is the instrument for resolution of disputed between individuals without endangering public order. The law helps to the policy makers to respond to social problem. The lawmakers can use their power to exercise their law making power to change the rules to engage with social problems. The law may also been seen as set of rule regulating individual relationship. The law is the important mechanism for controlling state power in particular in securing the rights and freedom of the individual. This is a particular theme in relation to religious rights. The religious beliefs, identity and practices of individual have t he potential impact on the function of the legal system. And also the legal values have a strong influence on religious values. Law is using to keep order, resolve disputes, respond to social problem, regulate social relationship, control state power or empower individuals. Law is important factor in the religion, since it impinges on individual, community and organization. There are so many religion works in our society. The law makes enforce the law to protect the freedom of speech and racism etc. In the world we can see different countries fighting each other due to different religion and belief of the people in those countries. The interaction between law and religion is important for the society. The religion interest of an individual is not more than an explanation for their activities or spiritual needs rather than a distinctive interest of that individual. The lawmakers need to give weight to the right to individual autonomy, which may arise because an individual wishes to reject medical treatment that would be contrary to their religious beliefs. (Peter W. Edge, 17). Law important for Religion Law may be seen as one of many social instruments, which maintain the social order in the society. The law enforce the transition from an endless war of all against all, to a position

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis

Cadbury: Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL Analysis In order to recommend what strategy is needed for a company to follow is essential to analyze the competitive environment where they operate. When analyzing the competitive environment of Cadbury, the factors that should be considered are both factors from the confectionery industry and factors from the macro environment, which would have an effect on the successful operation of the company. I have chosen Porters Five Forces, and PESTEL analysis. 1.1 Porters Five Forces Bargaining power of buyers: Porter (2008) stated that where the product is a small  fraction of buyers costs or expenditures, buyers are usually less price sensitive. Cadbury has to categories of buyers namely, consumers or retailer. Retail buyers are the group that has the most effect for Cadbury and other confectionery producers. They are mainly large retailers like i.e. Tesco, Asda in UK. There is competition for shelf space and threat of backward integration especially with brand only products. That is a very important group, which is directly correlated with the revenue. It could have high effect. Bargaining power of suppliers: Group that has big impact on the final product, in terms of quality and price. The main commodities used by Cadbury are cocoa, milk, and sugar. Any change in the price of those commodities will affect directly the price of the product and the profitability. Confectionery manufacturers are facing increasing cost pressures as Cocoa prices hit their highest levels for 23 years due to fall in Cocoa production (BBC, 2008). Cadbury is using commodity derivative contracts for cocoa and sugar. Cadbury Cocoa partnership is established to insure sustainable supply of Cocoa by supporting Cocoa farmers in Ghana, India, Indonesia and Caribbean (Cadbury, 2008). Another way perhaps to strengthen their position would be a backward integration, where they would acquire one or more of their suppliers to ensure that they have control over the commodity price (Johnson et al, 2008). Moderate effect. Rivalry among existing competitors: Confectionary is an industry with stiff competition amongst its players. There are five major players competing globally in confectionery industry: Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey with about 42% share of global market (Cadbury, 2008). All of the major players in the industry have very sound brands worldwide. There is a high growth rate of 5% in the developed countries, and about 10% in the emerging markets, which makes the confectionery industry very attractive. Because of the high competition, there is possibility of competition of prices, which will cause the company to operate with lower margins. High effect. Threat of substitute products: World Health Organization (WHO) (2008) estimates that in 2005 at least 400 million adults worldwide were obese and forecasted that this figure in 2015 will be 700 million. USA, UK, and Germany are among the countries with largest number of people that are obese, overweight, and have cardiovascular health problems on the other hand those countries are the largest confectionery markets in the world. Consumers are becoming more and more aware of healthy eating, so the snacking habits are changing. There are numbers of substitutes emerging on the market, products like cereal bars and fruit bars are threat for the chocolate industry, as health conscious parents especially, would opt for the healthier option. Chocolatiers try to add value to their chocolate, with vitamins or antioxidants or by removing fat and sugar from the confection (Scully, C., 2006). Moreover consumers want firms to avoid e-numbers or synthetic colours and require instead organic substan ces In this regard many people think of the possible health benefits from the chocolate they eat. Consequently a further development will start. Special groups like diabetics or allergy sufferers will rise in importance. (Vreeland, C., 2007). The other main direction in the confection industry is the tendency to pure black and high quality chocolate. Thus, the sweet is turning into a way in which people express their selves. Candy Industry (2006) clarifies this with the headline of one of their reports Dark and Decadent vs. Milk and Mainstream. The statement is underpinned by several data. In 2006 the sales of dark chocolate increased by 40%, every third chocolate released was a dark chocolate and the premium market was foretold to grow over 20% in the next periods. The bitter chocolate has the benefit of a low sugar rate and a lot of antioxidants that makes it much more healthy then normal sweets. A dark chocolate is a bit of luxury at a reasonable price, perhaps thats a reason why this kind of sweet is so popular. The last point which supports the trend is that premium chocolate is for a multilateral use, for instance as a gift or decoration, optimally suitable (Rehan, 2007). The effect is high. Threat of a new entry: as the confectionery market is dominated by well established brands, as sated while analyzing the rivals, and they are Nestle, Mars Wrigley, Cadbury, Ferrero Rocher and Hershey, with 42% of the market (Cadbury, 2008) for a new company is very difficult to enter the market, unless they come up with new interesting product, something to go in line with the healthy lifestyle perhaps, as discussed above. However, it will be difficult to take a considerable market share, as they would be competing against very well established companies, with also established brand names, distribution channels and high capital investment. Other barriers for new entrants are economies of scale and experience of major operators in production and distribution (Johnson, et al 2008). On the other hand those barriers might not be effective for a company that is diversifying, like Nestle, they used their strong position of the confectionery market to enter the ice cream market (Reader, 2 006). The effect on Cadbury is low. 1.2 PESTEL Analysis Political: Only 10 countries in the world produce more than 90% of the worlds cocoa (Worlds Coco Foundation, 2007). The major problem in those countries is poverty. The main concern for the companies trading with those countries is political stability, as instability can have effect on the price, and the supply. Economic: Recent fall in the value of the pound, is one economic factor that affects all the companies that operate in UK, and have business connections with other countries. Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. Cadbury suppliers of their main commodity cocoa are not British, as outlined above. The depreciation of the pound makes the prices of cocoa more expensive; even though Cadbury had future contracts to hedge against situations like that it will still affect the operation in longer run, when new future contracts need to be made. On the other hand interest rates are very low in England at the moment. The base rate is only 0.5% (Bank of England, 2010). Companies can benefit with lower interest borrowing. Social: Fair trade with cocoa farmers is a social factor, as affects how the company is perceived by the consumers. Fair trade means that a company buys a tone of cocoa at the market price and pays a social premium for the commodity. This benefits the planter because of a steady income stream, which is more independent from the volatility of the market price. Furthermore a company with a fair trade label pays a percentage of the selling price to the centralized fair trade organization. Corporations try to redeem these disadvantages through a higher quality of cocoa beans (Westen, 2006). Furthermore an enterprise could gain a competitive advantage because of their social commitment. The customer can see a fair trade certification on the package and this is becoming more and more important. As outlined above Cadbury operates in more than 60 countries in the world. When a company operates in more than one country potential problems are conflicts between different cultural groups, language difficulties, stereotyping, and mutual misunderstanding (Greenhause, et al, 2010). Technological: Availability of high-tech machinery enables the company to produce high quality product at lower prices, which helps the company to gain competitive advantage. Another point is the widespread of the internet and satellite television, makes it easier to advertise to bigger audience of potential consumers. Environmental: The cocoa plant needs a stable climate. But the ideal conditions in  Africa and South America are in danger because of global warming. The weather will be  unpredictable and natural disasters are possible. Consequently the plants get hurt and the productivity decreases. Moreover disease destroys over 20% of the cacao beans that should be use for chocolate production every year (Ogodo, 2006).Therefore companies should search ways to secure a steady flow of cocoa in the required amount and quality. Cooperation with the World Cocoa Foundation could be a solution. Confectioners like Ferrero, Lindt, Thorntons and Nestle realise this potential and try to improve future expectations (World Cocoa Foundation, 2007) Legal: Affecting the industry are two new legislations that came into force in 2003 in UK. Regulations concerning contaminants in food and organic products force firms to obey and perhaps change their own practices (Baxter, 2006). The company had a very strong financial position with sales revenue growth of 14.6% compared with the previous year, which was due to increase in price, rather than increase in volume of sales, (Bonfield, 2009). Increasing price with no increase in the quality results in higher margins, however it is a very risky strategy to follow as the consumers might not agree with it, the company can lose market share (Johnson, et al 2008). The profit margins have increased from 5.41% in 2007 to 7.43% in 2008, and are higher than the average which stands at 6.42%. That is an indicator of successful cuts in cost. Main reason for that is cutting the number of employees, in 2007 the number of employees was 50,465, and in 2008 was nearly 4000 less down to 46,517. ROCE was nearly doubled in 2008 rising from 3.78% to 7.29%, and was much higher than the average ROCE for the industry, which was 5.53%. This increase in part can be from divestment of Americas Beverages in 2008 during 2008 that had lower R OCE than other companies in the group. According to Cadburys annual report (2008) In July 2008 Company issued new  £350m sterling bond with a coupon of 7.25%and underlying interest rate for Cadbury in 2008 was 6.5%. This means that Cadbury is not producing ROCE much more than its current cost of capital. On the other hand Nestles ROCE is an impressive 21.5% that indicates that the operating costs in UK are much higher, like wages, rent, administrative expenses etc. Current ratio which indicates the companys liquidity is 0.86% for 2008 for Cadbury, which is an improvement from previous year when it was 0.58%. That indicates that their liability has decreased during 2008. Compared to the competitors is obvious that they are not as liquid as Nestle, with current ratio of 1%, however their performance for 2008 compared with the industry average which is 0.72% indicates that they are doing better than the majority. Gering Ratio has decreased from 123.69% to 89.66% in 2008 mostly because of the demerger with the Americas Beverages which was financed by debt. At 2008 their gearing was lower than the average that was 106.6. That is an indicator that if the company needs to borrow, it will not be difficult to find a lender, as they are outperforming the average. Return on shareholders funds is 11.36% nearly doubled compared to year before when it was 6.10%. Nestles return is again much higher at 14.76%. However Cadburys Return on Shareholders funds is again better than the average for the industry which seats at 8.73%. (Weetman, 2006) (Nestle, 2008) (Fame, 2009)(Cadbury, 2009) CORPORATE STRATEGY CURRENTLY BEING PERSUED Vision into action is the name of the strategy pursued by Cadbury. The main outcome of the strategy is to achieve mid teen margins by 2011, alongside with 4-6% organic revenue growth, and improved return on capital employed. If all of that is achieved Cadbury PLC is going to be in an excellent position financially and marketwise, and would deliver outstanding return for their shareholders and become the largest confectionery company in the world. Cadburys priorities stated in the strategy were: growth, efficiency, and capability (Cadbury, 2009). In order to achieve the priorities cost reduction was very important, which resulted in increase in profit by 2.02% the de-merger of US Beverage happened in May 2008, as it was difficult for a British company to compete against American giants such as Coca Cola and Pepsi Co (Market Watch, 2008). And because it was an unrelated diversification from Cadburys main focus on chocolate, gum, and candy. Originally Cadbury wanted to sell the business, as Colley et al. (2002) suggests that a company may not have the time or resources to focus on particular division. Selling the units that lack long term prospects would bring in cash that can be used in what would be considered more advantageous ways. However a lack of interest from cash shy investors forced it to split the business instead. Instead of adding value to the Parent Company, if that given unit adds in management costs, adds to bureaucratic complexity and obscure financial performance, it is not feasible to continue with their oper ation (Johnson et al, 2008). The recent acquisition of Adam business is of immense benefit to Cadbury having gain number two position in gum business. They are focused in Integrating these recent acquisitions for sustainable growth. In order to implement strategy successfully there should be match between strategy and organisational structure. Roquebert et al. (1996) argue that in essence the structure of the organisation and its fit to environment determines the relative degree of profitability. Alfred Chandler (1962) concluded that structure follows strategy. New group structure of seven business units instead of four was introduced and de-layering organization for faster decision making and reduction in administrative cost. Strategic business unit is a part of an organization for which there is a distinct external market for goods or services that is different from another strategic business unit SBU (Johnson et al, 2008). The definition for SBU by CIMA, (2006) adds that SBU has a significant degree of autonomy, typically being responsible for developing and marketing their own product. In the case of Cadbury there is no evidence that shows these business units will have any autonomy in developing their own m arkets and products. Alongside what I have mentioned several other activities had been carried out in order to implement the strategy, such as the reconfiguration of production in Australia and New Zealand to reduce complexity of production, ant the closure of the nonperforming plants i.e. Barcelona and Turkey Gum plants and Somerdale Chocolate plant (Cadbury, 2009). Cadbury is a large company that only concentrates in one industry. In a study carried out by Schmalensee in 1985 was found that the industry effect is very significant and accounts for at least 75% of the variance of industry rates of return on assets, which is directly correlated with the profit of the firm. He also found that market share effects exist it share has positive relation with profitability but its effect is negligible and industry and market share affects are negatively correlated. Within the industry this is competitive advantage that accounts for profitability of company. Cadbury at the moment does not have competitive advantage over its rivals. Profit target set for 2013 that is operating margin of 16%-18% (11.9%for 2008) shows that understanding this fact managers are trying to gain competitive advantage over other global players by focusing on performance and increasing profit (Hill and Jones, 2007). RECOMMENDATION Based on the findings regarding the competitive environment where the company operates, and on Cadburys financial performance and current strategy, l can give recommendations for a strategy to be followed, supported by a Balanced Scored Card provided in Appendix 1. The main goal as it was outlined in the existing strategy is Increase in Shareholders Value. For the goal to be achieved every department in the Company should be involved. I will explain the implementation of the strategy starting from implementation in the process of learning and growth, than the implementation across the internal processes, followed by what would the strategy mean to the customers, finishing with how will the strategy affect the financial perspective. In order for a company to be successful the most important asset are the employees. Very important part of any strategy is how happy the employees are? Are they driving the business towards the goal set by the management? In order to achieve the points made is very important that the team fully understands the strategy and the underlying assumptions. The employees should work as a team with a successful communication between them, which contributes to faster decision making. For best results Cadbury should employ and retain high performers, for example high performing managers, or specialists in the field of RD. Once those employees are on board is very important to retain them, by appropriate pay, safe conditions, training and development to achieve their full potential. After the Kraft take over, and numerous job cuts, the team morale is low (BBC, March 2010), and it is very important that they get the support needed, and understand the big picture. Another crucial area of successes is investing in RD. As outlined by the analysis using the Porter Five Forces, there is a threat of substitutes, to develop products in line with the changing consumer habits (WHO, 2008) healthier variety of snacks should be introduced. Consumers are becoming more health concern, and are happy to pay higher price for a good quality, example of that is Innocent, focused on healthy food and drink, 100% smoothies, packed fruits and vegetables, which in the nine years they exist has grown from just a three employees to 268, and is one of the fastest growing companies with revenue of over 120 million pounds (Innocent, 2009). As explained by Ansoffs Matrix possible growth opportunities are found in this particular case by introducing new products in already existing markets (Richardson, et al, 2007). I think that Cadbury PLC should be one step ahead and introduce similar products as well. However, introducing new products is very costly and it will relate i n lower growth prospects. There are two factors that the power of substitutes depends on: Relative Price/Performance; and The extent of switching costs (CIMA, 2007). By using Porters Five Force was found that the competition in the confectionery industry is fierce; in order for Cadbury to maintain their market share, or better to enlarge it, constant improvements of the products should be maintained. Black and Green line should be developed further, as the demand for dark chocolate is growing (Rehan, 2007). As Porter (1980) says the goal of a competitive strategy for a company is to find a position in its industry where these competitive forces, will do it the most good or the least harm The Cadburys brand is large and global. Kraft had done a lot of acquisitions in the past where the brand has been kept intact like Jacobs Coffee in Germany. The company should continue that with the Cadbury Brand, as that is key to success. In the long run that will result in improved sales revenues , and better profit margins. In the Balanced Score Card I have outlined that Cadbury should be environmentally friendly. Ogogdo, (2006) had pointed that there is a threat to the cocoa trees in the long run, by the global warming. Cadbury should do their part and be involved in projects helping the environment, like using fair trade, or following their competitors examples. Nestle USA is helping to safeguard the environment through pollution prevention and control, energy conservation and recycling/solid waste management practices (Nestle Global, 2010). Entering new markets is a way of driving the business forward. By acquiring Cadbury, Kraft had positioned themselves on the Indian market where Cadbury has a very strong position, on the other hand Kraft can help Cadbury to penetrate the Chinese market, where they have a solid position, and use their distribution channels (Riches, 2010). Being global as refered to in the PESTEL analysis comes with its negative sides. To overcome that Cadbury should work towards minimizing conflicts and have procedures in place to supplement the strategy. Even though the current liabilities had decreased from the year before, there are still high. Restructuring the debt to a lower interest loan, would result in substantial savings. The interest debt on the existing debt is 6.5% (Cadbury, 2009). As outlined from the financial analysis, the performance had been stronger year after year, where almost all of the ratios had improved. If all the recommendations outlined above are followed the financial performance can only get stronger. When all standards are met for quality and the product meet and exceed customer expectations, there are possibilities for higher margins and increase in profit. On the other hand when the profits increase after interest and tax, the shareholders return would increase as well, which makes the final goal achieved increase in shareholder value. Market Watch Drinks; Apr2008, Vol. 7 Issue 4, p14-14, 1p Porter, M. E., (1980), Industry Structure and Competitive Strategy: Keys to Profitability, Financial Analysis Journal, Vol. 36, Issue 4, p30-41, 12p Strategy in Action Applying Ansoffs Matrix.Full Text Available By: Richardson, Mark; Evans, Carl. Manager: British Journal of Administrative Management, Summer2007, Issue 59, pi-iii, 3p

Oh, For the Love of Thought :: Philosophy Plato The Allegory of the Cave Essays

Oh, For the Love of Thought Many thinkers have existed throughout history. These thinkers were called philosophers because they literally loved knowledge. In fact, the root phil means love, and the root soph means knowledge. These lovers of knowledge have always looked for ways to spread both their knowledge and their way of constantly thinking to other people. One of these attempts was Plato's The Allegory of the Cave. Plato's The Allegory of the Cave describes, through a conversation between Socrates and his student Glaucon, cave dwellers who see only shadows of puppets on a wall. Socrates emphasizes to Glaucon: To them, the truth would be literally nothing but the shadows of the images. Socrates continues his supposition by rhetorically asking: What will follow if the prisoners are released and disabused of their error?. It turns out, says Socrates, that the experience will be painful at first. Once a liberated cave dweller leaves the cave and goes to see the sun, he will see a greater truth than those in the cave. Socrates and Glaucon continue to discuss the cave and determine a set of possibilities: The cave dweller who does not leave the cave will be ignorant; he will not know nor want to know the truth. The cave dweller who leaves the cave and returns will be considered heretical; while he knows a greater truth, he must suffer for it. The cave dweller who leaves the cave and does not return w ill be cause for the cave dwellers to consider the sun, enlightenment, or the ultimate truth to be dangerous; it will be reason for the cave dweller not to leave the cave. The allegory, continued in a reader's mind to a deeper level at which visible reality is an unraveling ball of infinite size with ultimate truth at its core and layers of illusion surrounding it, shows that there will always be a deeper truth. No one person can be fully enlightened and see ultimate truth just as no one person can see the whole of a sphere. It takes the perspectives of all to even begin to see the ultimate truth. Plato begs man in general not to consider the ideas of other men to be heretical because the ideas force people out of their comfort zone and do not make immediate sense to them. People must be continually open-minded. Man may find a new insight into something shedding a layer from the aforementioned ball of reality, but that just means that there are infinitely more insights to gain before the layers of illusion are shed.

Do We Depend Too Much on Computers Essay

As civilization advances we depend more and more upon our invention. There is technology that saved many lives, as well as the one that have destroyed whole cities. Good morning members of the jury, parents, teachers and students. My name is Hugo Mendoza and I will talk about dependency on computers. I choose it because I think people must know all the benefits it brings to our daily life. So, do we depend too much in computers? The answer is that yes, all days we use computers in the business, public services, education, and the most of all entertainment. Even if we don’t note it our life is affected by technology and computers behind all. I will focus about technology in general. After all these years, technology has been evolving constantly; it has facilitated our life in all aspects. First of all, medicine, medicine has improved a lot by the use of technology in hospitals and labs, improving the health of the sick and in bringing up a new medicine for a no before-seen disease quicker than before. There are healing machines that can cure people faster than would take by human hand. Then, there are vehicles such as cars that use the GPS or the monitor to show how much gas is left select music and more. There are even airplanes that can be monitored by computers, and trains that are controlled by computers to prevent a collision. Children play videogames like PS3 or Xbox, with these videogame consoles they will have better experience in computers and will be able to understand better the technology when they grow up. Computers like PC’s and Mac are used by us every day for school, work, and assignments. Students can get into the internet and find any information they want, we can communicate by long distances, and even get an online tutor for any class. By the other hand, technology has been used to create destruction by fabricating guns, war machines and devices like nuclear bombs. This is the other face of technology, and has been used in wars such as World War II. If we continue to make guns, war machine and bombs with the improvement of technology maybe in the future there will be a bomb huge enough to destroy a country or a continent. It would be the end of the world if it’s like that. Scientists fear that in next generations, machines replace completely work done by humans and we doing nothing; they fear that we will not do sport and depend completely on computers. If it’s like that, what would happen if the systems fail to work? There would be complete chaos. Or worse, what would happen if all the systems refuse to listen to people’s orders and do what they want? Nobody knows, and we don’t want to know. We have to do something about this. In my opinion, technology and computers have to do a lot in the world we lived today and we can’t live anymore without them, as we got used too much on them. However, technology is a double-edge sword and we should find the way to make this dependency less dangerous and safer for future generations. There most only be new inventions when we really need they are really important, useful and helpful for humans.

ADD/ADHD Intervention Assistance Essay

Inattentive behaviors are very common in the ADHD children and are often go unnoticed because it becomes difficult to observe these trends in the students. There are various symptoms of inattention in students by which they can be identified to being suffering from ADHD;  ·Ã‚   The student is most of the times unable to pay attention to the events that are happening in the classrooms. They are unable to concentrate on what is being taught by their teacher.  ·Ã‚   They are very vulnerable in their paying of attention. They can’t handle pressure of work and most of the times unable to solve the work which they are assigned.  ·Ã‚   They always feel anxiety and are unable to finish their tasks as they move on to the other.  · They have problems with the planning and managing of tasks. They show inability by staying behind and always lack in confidence. b) Hyperactivity:   Ã‚  Ã‚   This is described as the tendency of the child to become active in wrong ways. The symptoms include;  ·Ã‚  Ã‚   They are uncomfortable in each situation they are opened to.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚   They cannot sit at a single place for sometime and they have problems in waiting as well. They initiate things only to move away from the current situation.  ·Ã‚  Ã‚   They are restless in nature and always show confusion as they have so much things going on in their minds which make them to show their anxiety and pressure. c) Impulsiveness:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Impulsiveness can be stated as the disability of the child that makes him to take action without interpreting things and events.  ·Ã‚   They take action without having to think or know about the consequences.  ·Ã‚   They most of interfere in the conversations trying to put forward their opinions in the wrong ways.  ·Ã‚   Their inability to stay focused is minimal. Part 2A) Being a teacher the characteristics that I will be observing in the child will be as follows; 1. Behavior 2. Leadership Role 3. Intervening in Conversations 4. Frustration 5. Day Dreaming 6. Low Self Esteem

Free Essays on Analizing Art

Art is something which can be analyzed to give deeper insight as to the common values and beliefs shared by the members of a certain society. Regardless of the place of origin or the time period of a form of art, it will always be a reflection of the social structure in which it's creator/s lived. However, the way the artist perceives the culture common to his time period is very relative. People pertaining to a higher social class had different values and ideologies than members of a lower class. This different view of life can be seen very clearly in individual forms of art such as painting and music. These specific forms of artistic expression required very little money, thus could be exercised by anyone including members of a lower class. Other forms of art such as architecture and sculpture required more money and in most cases wealthy patrons such as kings or queens. Architecture also required large numbers of workers which often made it hard to see any individual influence in the design, however showed the collective ideology of all of the people involved. The cost of labor and materials was also so great that very affluent members of society were needed to financially support the whole process. Sculpture was also an artistry that required great amounts of material and labor. This resulted in a more normative form of art which portrayed societal aspects in a way that was of interest to the financial backers. By studying both popular and normative art together it is possible to obtain a greater perspective on a specific culture. Outside influences from other countries can also affect the art and the artists of a certain society. As a country sees more and more immigrants from a certain area, the art will begin to reflect the ideologies these outsiders bring in with them. This same change can be seen more drastically in the case of an invasion. The architecture would change drastically, since it is normative art and the new rul... Free Essays on Analizing Art Free Essays on Analizing Art Art is something which can be analyzed to give deeper insight as to the common values and beliefs shared by the members of a certain society. Regardless of the place of origin or the time period of a form of art, it will always be a reflection of the social structure in which it's creator/s lived. However, the way the artist perceives the culture common to his time period is very relative. People pertaining to a higher social class had different values and ideologies than members of a lower class. This different view of life can be seen very clearly in individual forms of art such as painting and music. These specific forms of artistic expression required very little money, thus could be exercised by anyone including members of a lower class. Other forms of art such as architecture and sculpture required more money and in most cases wealthy patrons such as kings or queens. Architecture also required large numbers of workers which often made it hard to see any individual influence in the design, however showed the collective ideology of all of the people involved. The cost of labor and materials was also so great that very affluent members of society were needed to financially support the whole process. Sculpture was also an artistry that required great amounts of material and labor. This resulted in a more normative form of art which portrayed societal aspects in a way that was of interest to the financial backers. By studying both popular and normative art together it is possible to obtain a greater perspective on a specific culture. Outside influences from other countries can also affect the art and the artists of a certain society. As a country sees more and more immigrants from a certain area, the art will begin to reflect the ideologies these outsiders bring in with them. This same change can be seen more drastically in the case of an invasion. The architecture would change drastically, since it is normative art and the new rul...

Women in china Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Women in china - Essay Example while working against great odds including an enormous population in a vastly spread out country which had limited resources to look after its people. Women in China have increasingly played a role that has been equal to men. They have found a new place in the society, working with men at all levels from the farm to industry, academia and government. The laws of the present day China have granted equality to women with men in all spheres of life, while recognizing that they have certain differences. Women are considered to be equal to men in rights as well as obligations to the society, have equal entitlements with regard to work, education, ownership of property and the right to form a family. The reality of women in China is certainly getting better and although at present, despite there being no legal impediments to equality, women still trail behind the men in China. Family planning and birth control policies of the state in China which have been put into place in response to the huge population pressure have been a source of controversy and irritation despite the achievements, requiring women to undergo forced abortions and sterilizations. This essay takes a look at the position of women in present day China. China is a country with unique culture, traditions and a communist as well as a feudal past which has attempted to modernize itself relatively quickly in a short span of time, achieving considerable success with these efforts. Its huge population has always presented problems at the national level and has meant that the government has had to adopt some controversial measures to keep in check these pressures. The government of China has, however, attempted to enhance the status of women and grant them a level of equality with men in the society. The revolution of 1949 meant that equality for women in China was considered to be legitimate and in line with the aims of the new government. Women comprise approximately 49% of the total population of China and

Gary (2002) indicates that nurses display many of the characteristics Essay

Gary (2002) indicates that nurses display many of the characteristics of an oppressed group. Do you agree or disagree with her a - Essay Example The conditional status of oppression has been rampant in medical institutions, yet, overt recognition of its existence is consistently denied. As nursing is generally viewed as female-dominated profession, many distinguish it as lower compared to predominantly masculine careers. Hence, nurses from various fields are extensively pressured to prove themselves in the patriarchal society (Seago, 2006). Accordingly, feminist antagonism serves as primary source for negative viewpoints adapted in medical settings. In relation to career antagonism, the nature of oppression spreads from hierarchical nursing ranks. Concertedly, nursing management deviates from the ideals of supportive supervision into tyrannical leadership. In parallel view with the study by Gary on â€Å"Why and Wherefore of Empowerment,† intentional intimidation of junior nurses by senior nurses in clinical field is perceived as effective means in controlling behavior of the former (Stevens, 2002). Upon inciting fear, most nurses act according to manipulation of ranked nurses--nurses’ independent functions are broken to fit the whims of senior nurses. The problem with oppression is not only provoked by those with higher organizational authority. As revealed by American Association of Critical Nurses (2007), even peer-to-peer association augments oppression in practice.